@InProceedings{Howard2025_1251,
<br/>   author = {Ian S. Howard},
<br/>   booktitle = {Studientexte zur Sprachkommunikation: Elektronische Sprachsignalverarbeitung 2025},
<br/>   title = {State space model of airflow in the human vocal apparatus},
<br/>   year = {2025},
<br/>   editor = {Sven Grawunder},
<br/>   month = mar,
<br/>   pages = {180--187},
<br/>   publisher = {TUDpress, Dresden},
<br/>   abstract  = {To simulate both airflow and air pressure required for speech production, 
we developed a nonlinear state-space model of airflow in the human speech apparatus. 
We modeled the lungs as a mechanical, force-driven piston pump venting into a simplified larynx model, represented as a valve with time-varying resistance to airflow. 
The pump incorporates the effects of elasticity, viscosity, friction, and inertia, as well 
as differential air pressure. To maintain a constant target airflow through the larynx, a 
proportional-derivative (PD) controller applies force and regulates the piston. The 
model was implemented in MATLAB. Simulation results demonstrate that the model 
can maintain a constant airflow suitable for speech production while compensating for 
varying airflow resistance. This study lays the groundwork for developing a mechanical lung that can be integrated into a robotic vocal system with realistic airflow characteristics. },
<br/>   isbn = {978-3-95908-803-9},
<br/>   issn = {0940-6832},
<br/>   keywords = {Voice, Language and Cognition},
<br/>   url = {https://www.essv.de/pdf/2025_180_187.pdf},
<br/>}