@InProceedings{Stone2022_1151,
<br/>   author = {Simon Stone and Pia Abdul-Hak and Peter Birkholz},
<br/>   booktitle = {Studientexte zur Sprachkommunikation: Elektronische Sprachsignalverarbeitung 2022},
<br/>   title = {Perceptual cues for smiled voice - An articulatory synthesis study},
<br/>   year = {2022},
<br/>   editor = {Oliver Niebuhr and Malin Svensson Lundmark and Heather Weston},
<br/>   month = mar,
<br/>   pages = {131--138},
<br/>   publisher = {TUDpress, Dresden},
<br/>   abstract  = {The present study investigated the perceptual cues in continuous speech
for a smiling speaker. Most previous studies analyzed natural speech samples and
acted smiles and thus were not able to separate the effects of different parameters.
Here, we followed an analysis-by-synthesis paradigm and used articulatory synthesis
to create a set of synthetic utterances with controlled variation of the most likely
cues as identified by a comprehensive literature review (the mean fundamental frequency
and the vocal tract length). These stimuli were then rated in a listening
experiment to examine the influence of each parameter separately and jointly. This
study is the first such effort using complete sentences, while previous work in this
line of research has only focused on isolated vowels. The responses of the experiment’s
57 participants confirmed that the analyzed cues can indeed individually
convey the impression of a smiling speaker, most strongly so if both are present at
the same time.},
<br/>   isbn = {978-3-95908-548-9},
<br/>   issn = {0940-6832},
<br/>   keywords = {Poster},
<br/>   url = {https://www.essv.de/pdf/2022_131_138.pdf},
<br/>}